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sukhvir chahal
 
   

Question Popularity: 99 or more times read
Submitted 2009-05-13 06:52:56 [Valid RSS feed]


GRE #15
Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks,
each blank indicating that something has been omitted.
Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or set of
words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank
that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.

1. Agronomists are increasingly worried about “desert-
ification,” the phenomenon that is turning many of
the world’s ----fields and pastures into----
wastelands, unable to support the people living on
them.
(A) fertile.. barren
(B) productive.. blooming
(C) arid.. thriving
(D) poorest.. marginal
(E) largest.. saturated

2. Old beliefs die hard: even when jobs became---
the long-standing fear that unemployment could
return at a moment’s notice----.
(A) vacant.. perished
(B) easier.. changed
(C) plentiful.. persisted
(D) protected.. subsided
(E) available.. receded

3. Intellectual----and flight from boredom have
caused him to rush pell-mell into situations that less
----spirits might hesitate to approach.
(A) restlessness.. adventurous
(B) agitation.. passive
(C) resilience.. quiescent
(D) tranquility.. versatile
(E) curiosity.. lethargic

4. Science advances in----spiral in that each new
conceptual scheme----that phenomena explained
by its predecessors and adds to those explanations.
(A) a discontinuous.. decries
(B) a repetitive.. vitiates
(C) a widening.. embraces
(D) an anomalous.. captures
(E) an explosive.. questions

5. Politeness is not a----attribute of human
behavior, but rather a central virtue, one
whose very existence is increasingly being
----by the faddish requirement to “speak
one’s mind.”
(A) superficial.. threatened
(B) pervasive.. undercut
(C) worthless.. forestalled
(D) precious.. repudiated
(E) trivial.. affected

6. The painting was larger than it appeared to be, for,
hanging in a darkened recess of the chapel, it was
----by the perspective.
(A) improved (B) aggrandized
(C) embellished (D) jeopardized
(E) diminished

7. Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor
accepted as an art form by art historians, their final
evaluations of it necessarily remain----.
(A) arbitrary (B) estimable (C) orthodox
(D) unspoken (E) equivocal

Directions: In each of the following questions, a related
pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs
of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best
expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the
original pair.

8. REFEREE: FIELD::
(A) scientist: results (B) mediator: deadlock
(C) gladiator: contest (D) teacher: classroom
(E) judge: courtroom

9. BLUSH: EMBARRASSMENT::
(A) scream: anger (B) smile: pleasure
(C) laugh: outrage (D) love: sentimentality
(E) whine: indecision

10. TANGO: DANCE::
(A) arabesque: theme
(B) tonality: instrumentation
(C) rhyme: pattern (D) stanza: line
(E) elegy: poem

11. CELL: MEMBRANE::
(A) door: jamb (B) yard: sidewalk
(C) seed: hull (D) head: halo
(E) mountain: clouds

12. HYMN: PRAISE::
(A) waltz: joy (B) liturgy: rite
(C) lullaby: child (D) dirge: grief
(E) prayer: congregation

13. EMOLLIENT: SOOTHE::
(A) dynamo: generate (B) elevation: level
(C) precipitation: fall (D) hurricane: track
(E) negative: expose

14. IMPLACABLE: COMPROMISE::
(A) perfidious: conspire
(B) irascible: avenge
(C) honest: swindle
(D) amenable: deceive
(E) hasty: prevail

15. MISANTHROPE: PEOPLE::
(A) patriot: country
(B) reactionary: government
(C) curmudgeon: children
(D) xenophobe: strangers
(E) miscreant: dogma

16. MILK: EXTRACT::
(A) squander: enjoy (B) exploit: utilize
(C) research: investigate (D) hire: manage
(E) wheedle: flatter

Many critics of Eamily Bronte’s novel Wuthering
Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that
comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part,
(5) where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation.
Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the
novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex
use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that the
presence of these elements need not argue an authorial
awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that
(10) of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts
to unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However,
any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s
diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing.
This is not because such an interpretation necessarily
(15) stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpre-
tation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but
because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements
of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion
in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect,
Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.

17. According to the passage, which of the following is
a true statement about the first and second parts of
Wuthering Heights?
(A) The second part has received more attention
from critics.
(B) The second part has little relation to the first
part.
(C) The second part annuls the force of the first
part.
(D) The second part provides less substantiation
for a “romantic” reading.
(E) The second part is better because it is more
realistic.

18. Which of the following inferences about Henry
James’s awareness of novelistic construction is
best supported by the passage?
(A) James, more than any other novelist, was
aware of the difficulties of novelistic
construction.
(B) James, was very aware of the details of novel-
istic construction.
(C) James’s awareness of novelistic construction
derived from his reading of Bronte.
(D) James’s awareness of novelistic construction
has led most commentators to see unity in
his individual novels.
(E) James’s awareness of novelistic construction
precluded him from violating the unity of
his novels.

19. The author of the passage would be most likely to
agree that an interpretation of a novel should
(A) not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the
novel
(B) not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements
in the novel
(C) not argue that the complex use of narrators or
of time shifts indicates a sophisticated struc-
ture
(D) concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of
the novel that are outside the novel’s main
structure
(E) primarily consider those elements of novelistic
construction of which the author of the novel
was aware

20. The author of the passage suggests which of the
following about Hamlet?
I. Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpreta-
tions that tend to stiffen into theses.
II. Hamlet has elements that are not amenable
to an all-encompassing critical interpretation.
III. Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing
critical interpretation than is Wuthering
Heights.
IV. Hamlet has not received a critical interpretation
that has been widely accepted by readers.
(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and IV only
(D) III and IV only (E) I, II, and III only

The determination of the sources of copper ore
used in the manufacture of copper and bronze artifacts
of Bronze Age civilizations would add greatly to our
knowledge of cultural contacts and trade in that era.
(5) Researchers have analyzed artifacts and ores for their
concentrations of elements, but for a variety of reasons,
these studies have generally failed to provide evidence of
the sources of the copper used in the objects. Elemental
composition can vary within the same copper-ore lode,
(10) usually because of varying admixtures of other elements,
especially iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic. And high con-
centrations of cobalt or zinc, noticed in some artifacts,
appear in a variety of copper-ore sources. Moreover,
the processing of ores introduced poorly controlled
(15) changes in the concentrations of minor and trace ele-
ments in the resulting metal. Some elements evaporate
during smelting and roasting; different temperatures
and processes produce different degrees of loss. Finally,
flux, which is sometimes added during smelting to
(20) remove waste material from the ore, could add quanti-
ties of elements to the final product.
An elemental property that is unchanged through
these chemical processes is the isotopic composition of
each metallic element in the ore. Isotopic composition,
(25) the percentages of the different isotopes of an element
in a given sample of the element, is therefore particularly
suitable as an indicator of the sources of the ore. Of
course, for this purpose it is necessary to find an element
whose isotopic composition is more or less constant
(30) throughout a given ore body, but varies from one copper
ore body to another or, at least, from one geographic
region to another.
The ideal choice, when isotopic composition is used
to investigate the source of copper ore, would seem to
(35) be copper itself. It has been shown that small but
measurable variations occur naturally in the isotopic
composition of copper. However, the variations are
large enough only in rare ores; between samples of
the common ore minerals of copper, isotopic variations
(40) greater than the measurement error have not been
found. An alternative choice is lead, which occurs in
most copper and bronze artifacts of the Bronze Age in
amounts consistent with the lead being derived from
the copper ores and possibly from the fluxes. The
(45) isotopic composition of lead often varies from one
source of common copper ore to another, with varia-
tions exceeding the measurement error; and preliminary
studies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition
of the lead from a single copper-ore source. While
(50) some of the lead found in an artifact may have been
introduced from flux or when other metals were
added to the copper ore, lead so added in Bronze Age
processing would usually have the same isotopic compo-
sition as the lead in the copper ore. Lead isotope studies
(55) may thus prove useful for interpreting the archaeo-
logical record of the Bronze Age.

21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) discuss the techniques of analyzing lead
isotope composition
(B) propose a way to determine the origin of
the copper in certain artifacts
(C) resolve a dispute concerning the analysis of
copper ore
(D) describe the deficiencies of a currently used
method of chemical analysis of certain
metals
(E) offer an interpretation of the archaeological
record of the Bronze Age

22. The author first mentions the addition of flux during
smelting (lines 18-21) in order to
(A) give a reason for the failure of elemental
composition studies to determine ore sources
(B) illustrate differences between various Bronze
Age civilizations
(C) show the need for using high smelting
temperatures
(D) illustrate the uniformity of lead isotope
composition
(E) explain the success of copper isotope
composition analysis

23. The author suggests which of the following about a
Bronze Age artifact containing high concentrations
of cobalt or zinc?
(A) It could not be reliably tested for its elemental
composition.
(B) It could not be reliably tested for its copper
isotope composition.
(C) It could not be reliably tested for its lead
isotope composition.
(D) It could have been manufactured from ore
from any one of a variety of sources.
(E) It could have been produced by the addition
of other metals during the processing of the
copper ore.

24. According to the passage, possible sources of the
lead found in a copper or bronze artifact include
which of the following?
I. The copper ore used to manufacture the
artifact
II. Flux added during processing of the copper ore
III. Other metal added during processing of the
copper ore
(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only
(D) II and III only (E) I, II , and III

25. The author rejects copper as the “ideal choice”
mentioned in line 33 because
(A) the concentration of copper in Bronze
Age artifacts varies
(B) elements other than copper may be
introduced during smelting
(C) the isotopic composition of copper
changes during smelting
(D) among common copper ores, differences
in copper isotope composition are too
small
(E) within a single source of copper ore,
copper isotope composition can vary
substantially

26. The author makes which of the following
statements about lead isotope composition?
(A) It often varies from one copper-ore source
to another.
(B) It sometimes varies over short distances in
a single copper-ore source.
(C) It can vary during the testing of artifacts,
producing a measurement error.
(D) It frequently changes during smelting and
roasting.
(E) It may change when artifacts are buried
for thousands of years.

27. It can be inferred from the passage that the use
of flux in processing copper ore can alter the
lead isotope composition of the resulting metal
EXCEPT when
(A) there is a smaller concentration of lead in
the flux than in the copper ore
(B) the concentration of lead in the flux is
equivalent to that of the lead in the ore
(C) some of the lead in the flux evaporates
during processing
(D) any lead in the flux has the same isotopic
composition as the lead in the ore
(E) other metals are added during processing

Directions: Each question below consists of a word
printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words
or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is
most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital
letters.

Since some of the questions require you to distinguish
fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the
choices before deciding which one is best.

28. MUTTER:
(A) please oneself (B) resolve conflict
(C) speak distinctly (D) digress randomly
(E) omit willingly

29. TRANSPARENT:
(A) indelicate (B) neutral (C) opaque
(D) somber (E) tangible

30. ENSEMBLE:
(A) complement (B) cacophony
(C) coordination (D) preface
(E) solo

31. RETAIN:
(A) allocate (B) distract (C) relegate
(D) discard (E) misplace

32. RADIATE:
(A) approach (B) cool (C) absorb
(D) tarnish (E) vibrate

33. EPICURE:
(A) a person ignorant about art
(B) a person dedicated to a cause
(C) a person motivated by greed
(D) a person indifferent to food
(E) a person insensitive to emotions

34. PREVARICATION:
(A) tact (B) consistency (C) veracity
(D) silence (E) proof

35. AMORTIZE:
(A) loosen (B) denounce
(C) suddenly increase one’s indebtedness
(D) wisely cause to flourish
(E) grudgingly make provision for

36. EMACIATION:
(A) invigoration (B) glorification
(C) amelioration (D) inundation
(E) magnification

37. UNALLOYED:
(A) destabilized (B) unregulated
(C) assimilated (D) adulterated
(E) condensed

38. MINATORY:
(A) reassuring (B) genuine
(C) creative (D) obvious (E) awkward
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