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Submitted 2009-05-13 04:23:57

GRE#12

1. Social scientists have established fairly clear-
cut----that describe the appropriate behavior of
children and adults, but there seems to be----
about what constitutes appropriate behavior for
adolescents.
(A) functions.. rigidity
(B) estimates.. indirectness
(C) norms.. confusion
(D) regulations.. certainty
(E) studies.. misapprehension

2. As long as nations cannot themselves accumulate
enough physical power to dominate all others, they
must depend on----.
(A) allies (B) resources (C) freedom
(D) education (E) self-determination

3. We realized that John was still young and
impressionable, but were nevertheless surprised
at his----.
(A) naivete (B) obstinateness
(C) decisiveness (D) ingeniousness
(E) resolve

4. Although Mount Saint Helens has been more---
-during the last 4,500 years than any other volcano in
the coterminous United States, its long dormancy
before its recent eruption----its violent nature.
(A) awe-inspiring.. restrained
(B) gaseous.. confirmed
(C) explosive.. belied
(D) familiar.. moderated
(E) volatile.. suggested

5. Changes of fashion and public taste are often---
and resistant to analysis, and yet they are among the
most----gauges of the state of the public’s collec-
tive consciousness.
(A) transparent.. useful
(B) ephemeral.. sensitive
(C) faddish.. underutilized
(D) arbitrary.. problematic
(E) permanent.. reliable

6. The poet W. H. Auden believed that the greatest
poets of his age were almost necessarily irrespon-
sible, that the possession of great gifts----the
----to abuse them.
(A) negates.. temptation
(B) controls.. resolution
(C) engenders.. propensity
(D) tempers.. proclivity
(E) obviates.. inclination

7. The self-important can of musicologists on record
jackets often suggests that true appreciation of the
music is an----process closed to the uninitiated
listener, however enthusiastic.
(A) unreliable (B) arcane (C) arrogant
(D) elementary (E) intuitive

8. FORGERY: COUNTERFEIT::
(A) duplicity: testimony
(B) arson: insurance
(C) embezzlement: fraud
(D) theft: punishment
(E) murder: life

9. NICOTINE: TOBACCO::
(A) calcium: bone (B) iodine: salt
(C) protein: meat (D) pulp: fruit
(E) caffeine: coffee

10. CANDLE: WAX::
(A) metal: corrosion
(B) leather: vinyl
(C) curtain: pleat
(D) tire: rubber
(E) wood: ash

11. BIT: DRILL::
(A) nut: bolt (B) nail: hammer
(C) blade: razor (D) stapler: paper
(E) chisel: stone

12. MISJUDGE: ASSESS::
(A) misconstrue: interpret
(B) misconduct: rehearse
(C) misinform: design
(D) misguide: duplicate
(E) misperceive: explain

13. COMPLIANT: SERVILE::
(A) trusting: gullible
(B) cringing: fawning
(C) pleasant: effortless
(D) adventurous: courageous
(E) arduous: futile

14. ASTRINGENT: CONTRACTION::
(A) anesthetic: insensibility
(B) analgesic: pain
(C) coagulant: euphoria
(D) stimulant: drowsiness
(E) emollient: irritation

15. NOMINAL: FLGUREHEAD::
(A) absolute: autocrat
(B) cloistered: bishop
(C) military: tribunal
(D) statutory: defendant
(E) monolithic: legislature

16. PHILOSOPHER: COGITATE::
(A) linguist: prevaricate
(B) politician: capitulate
(C) scholar: extemporize
(D) misanthrope: repeat
(E) iconoclast: attack

if a supernova (the explosion of a massive star) trig-
gered star formation from dense clouds of gas and dust,
and if the most massive star to be formed from the cloud
evolved into a supernova and triggered a new round of
star formation, and so on, then a chain of star-forming
regions would result. If many such chains were created
in a differentially rotating galaxy, the distribution of
stars would resemble the observed distribute in a
spiral galaxy.
This line of reasoning underlies an exciting new
theory of spiral-galaxy structure. A computer simulation
based on this theory has reproduced the appearance of
many spiral galaxies without assuming an underlying
density wave, the hallmark of the most widely accepted
theory of the large-scale structure of spiral galaxies.
That theory maintains that a density wave of spiral
form sweeps through the central plane of a galaxy,
compressing clouds of gas and dust, which collapse
into stars that form a spiral pattern.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) describe what results when a supernova triggers
the creation of chains of star-forming regions
(B) propose a modification in the most widely
accepted theory of spiral-galaxy structure
(C) compare and contrast the roles of clouds of gas
and dust in two theories of spiral-galaxy
structure
(D) describe a new theory of spiral-galaxy structure
and contrast it with the most widely accepted
theory
(E) describe a new theory of spiral-galaxy structure
and discuss a reason why it is inferior to the
most widely accepted theory

18. The passage implies that, according to the new
theory of spiral-galaxy structure, a spiral galaxy can
be created by supernovas when the supernovas are
(A) producing an underlying density wave
(B) affected by a density wave of spiral form
(C) distributed in a spiral pattern
(D) located in the central plane of a galaxy
(E) located in a differentially rotating galaxy

19. Which of the following, if true, would most
discredit the new theory as described in the passage?
(A)The exact mechanism by which a star becomes
a supernova is not yet completely known
and may even differ for different stars.
(B) Chains of star-forming regions like those
postulated in the new theory have been
observed in the vicinity of dense clouds of
gas and dust.
(C) The most massive stars formed from supernova
explosions are unlikely to evolve into super-
novas.
(D) Computer simulations of supernovas provide a
poor picture of what occurs just before a
supernova explosion.
(E) A density wave cannot compress clouds of gas
and dust to a density high enough to create a
star.

20. The author’s attitude toward the new theory of
spiral-galaxy structure can best be described as
(A) euphoric (B) enthusiastic
(C) concerned (D) critical
(E) disputatious

The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the
English colonies of North America does not occur until
after 1660—some forty years after the importation of the
first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in
(5) fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure
us that the status of Black people down to the 1660’s
was that of servants. A critique of the Handlins’ inter-
pretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the
1660’s suggests that assumptions about the relation
(10) between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexam-
ined, and that explanations for the different treatment of
Black slaves in North and South America should be
expanded.
The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery
(15) by arguing that, during the 1660’s, the position of
White servants was improving relative to that of Black
servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White
servants, heretofore treated alike, each attained a
different status. There are, however, important objec-
(20) tions to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot
adequately demonstrate that the White servant’s position
was improving during and after the 1660’s; several acts
of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate other-
wise. Another flaw in the Handlins’s interpretation is
(25) their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal
slavery there was no discrimination against Black
people. It is true that before the 1660’s Black people
were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow
evidence from the 1630’s on that points to racial discrim-
(30) ination without using the term slavery. Such discrimina-
tion sometimes stopped short of lifetime servitude or
inherited status—the two attributes of true slavery—yet
in other cases it included both. The Handlins’ argument
excludes the real possibility that Black people in the
(35) English colonies were never treated as the equals of
White people.
This possibility has important ramifications. If from
the outset Black people were discriminated against, then
legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an
(40) extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many histo-
rians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of
prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination
before the advent of legal slavery offers a further expla-
nation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in
North than in South America. Freyre and Tannenbaum
have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in
(45) North America—such as a Roman conception of slavery
and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equality—explains
why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there
(50) than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South
America. But this cannot be the whole explanation since
it is merely negative, based only on a lack of something.
A more compelling explanation is that the early and
sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English
(55) colonies helped determine the particular nature of the
slavery that followed.

21. Which of the following statements best describes the
organization of lines 1-8 of the passage?
(A) A historical trend is sketched and an exception
to that trend is cited.
(B) Evidence for a historical irregularity is
mentioned and a generalization from that
evidence is advanced.
(C) A paradox about the origins of an institution is
pointed out and the author’s explanation of
the paradox is expounded.
(D) A statement about a historical phenomenon
is offered and a possible misinterpretation
of that statement is addressed.
(E) An interpretation of the rise of an institution
is stated and evidence for that interpretation
is provided.

22. Which of the following is the most logical inference
to be drawn from the passage about the effects of
“several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legisla-
tures” (lines 22-23) passed during and after the
1660’s?
(A) The acts negatively affected the pre-1660’s
position of Black as well as of White servants.
(B) The acts had the effect of impairing rather than
improving the position of White servants
relative to what it had been before the 1660’s.
(C) The acts had a different effect o n the position
of White servants than did many of the acts
passed during this time by the legislatures of
other colonies.
(D) The acts, at the very least, caused the position
of White servants to remain no better than it
had been before the 1660’s.
(E) The acts, at the very least, tended to reflect
the attitudes toward Black servants that
already existed before the 1660’s.

23. With which of the following statements regarding
the status of Black people in the English colonies of
North America before the 1660’s would the author
be LEAST likely to agree?
(A) Although Black people were not legally
considered to be slaves, they were often
called slaves.
(B) Although subject to some discrimination,
Black people had a higher legal status than
they did after the 1660’s.
(C) Although sometimes subject to lifetime
servitude, Black people were not legally
considered to be slaves.
(D) Although often not treated the same as
White people, Black people, like many
White people, possessed the legal status of servants.
(E) Although apparently subject to more discrimi-
nation after 1630 than before 1630, Black
people from 1620 to the 1660’s were legally
considered to be servants.

24. According to the passage, the Handlins have argued
which of the following about the relationship
between racial prejudice and the institution of legal
slavery in the English colonies of North America?
(A) Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery
arose simultaneously.
(B) Racial prejudice most often took the form of
the imposition of inherited status, one of the
attributes of slavery.
(C) The source of racial prejudice was the
institution of slavery.
(D) Because of the influence of the Roman Catholic
church, racial prejudice sometimes did not
result in slavery.
(E) Although existing in a lesser form before the
1660’s, racial prejudice increased sharply after
slavery was legalized.

25. The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman
conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese
colonies had the effect of
(A) extending rather than causing racial
prejudice in these colonies
(B) hastening the legalization of slavery in
these colonies
(C) mitigating some of the conditions of slavery
for Black people in these colonies
(D) delaying the introduction of slavery into the
English colonies
(E) bringing about an improvement in the
treatment of Black slaves in the English
colonies

26. The author considers the explanation put forward
by Freyre and Tannenbaum for the treatment
accorded Black slaves in the English colonies of
North America to be
(A) ambitious but misguided
(B) valid but limited
(C) popular but suspect
(D) anachronistic and controversial
(E) premature and illogical

27. With which of the following statements regarding
the reason for the introduction of legal slavery in the
English colonies of North America would the author
be most likely to agree?
(A) The introduction is partly to be explained
by reference to the origins of slavery, before
the 1660’s, in the Spanish and Portuguese
colonies.
(B) The introduction is to be explained by
reference to a growing consensus beginning
in the 1630’s about what were the attributes
of true slavery.
(C) The introduction is more likely to be
explained by reference to a decline than to
an improvement in the position of White
servants in the colonies during and after the
1660’s.
(D) The introduction is more likely to be
explained by reference to the position of
Black servants in the colonies in the 1630’s
than by reference to their position in the
1640’s and 1650’s.
(E) The introduction is more likely to be
explained by reference to the history of
Black people in the colonies before 1660
than by reference to the improving position
of White servants during and after the
1660’s.

28. ASSET:
(A) duty (B) qualification (C) denial
(D) liability (E) instability

29. CONCUR:
(A) expose (B) incite (C) prolong
(D) dissent (E) forgive

30. AMALGAMATE:
(A) congregate (B) insulate (C) isolate
(D) layer (E) revive

31. FERROUS:
(A) affected by rust (B) containing no iron
(C) chemically inert (D) combined with water
(E) permanently magnetized

32. PHLEGMATIC:
(A) vivacious (B) valiant (C) arid
(D) healthy (E) mature

33. PRODIGIOUS:
(A) implicit (B) slight (C) constant
(D) unnecessary (E) premature

34. CORROBORATION:
(A) weakening of utility
(B) lessening of certainty
(C) reduction in generality
(D) implausibility
(E) inadequacy

35. PALPABILITY:
(A) infertility (B) inflammability
(C) intangibility (D) intractability
(E) intolerability

36. ALACRITY:
(A) hesitance and reluctance
(B) caution and fear
(C) cynicism and skepticism
(D) suspicion and doubt
(E) concern and anxiety

37. MANNERED:
(A) plain (B) infantile (C) progressive
(D) ignorant (E) natural

38. DISSEMBLE:
(A) act conventionally (B) put together
(C) appear promptly (D) behave honestly
(E) obtain readily

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Submitted By:	a	On:	23-11-2010

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Question Popularity: Submitted 2009-05-13 04:23:57

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Question Popularity:
Submitted 2009-05-13 04:23:57